Kiritsubo 1.4b

A very full word section today, with 6 entries.  First I feel like I have to defend Hagiwara; on the last word post there were some very harsh comments about the philological efforts of the Edo-period scholars (one commenter called them "junk etymologies" and another compared them to jokes).  The etymologies aren't that bad, though -- a decent number of them are accurate or at least one possibility for an unknown word.  Of course there are some missteps, though.

Also, I want to say hi to a Chinese person living in France who is providing the second-most hits to the blog (next to Matt).  Here's an interesting post where he(?) compares three Chinese translations of the first few sentences of "Kiritsubo". 我的中文不太好。欢迎、欢迎_。

あいなく
玉　この詞、数もなく多く有るぞをことごとく見渡し合はせて考ふるに、何といふ弁へもなしに、うちつけに物することなり。ここもその意にて、おのが身にかからぬ人までも何といふことなしに目を側むる也。注に「愛無シ也」「あぢきなく也」などいへる皆かなはず。

Tama no ogushi (1796): This word occurs many times in the Tale. When you examine them all, it means to do unreasonable things with no thought put into it. The meaning here is the same; it means that even people not directly related to the circumstances are averting their eyes without any reason. The notes that say it means 無愛 or ajikinashi are wrong.

訳　ナニトナウ　ムサト　ナンノハリ合モナク

nani to nau (何となう), musa to, nan no hariai mo naku

釈　新釈に「愛敬なきを略して愛なきといふ也」とある。「略して」といはれたるはいかがなれど、なほ愛なきの意にはあるべし。何といふことなしに打ちつけにものするも、やがて愛のなき意なればいたく違（たが）へるにはあらず。

In the Shinshaku it says "This is shortened from aigyou nasi and means 愛なき."  The "shortened" part is doubtful, but this should be seen as 愛なき.  "Doing something unreasonable with no thought put into it" is, in the end, not that different from "with no care/love".

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This word is still of unknown etymology (愛なし is listed as a possible etymology in modern dictionaries), and the exact meaning of the word in this sentence is still not certain.

そばめ
釈　「そば」は側の字の意、「め」はめ、む、むるとはたらく辞なり。側（そば）へ向きて、まさしく向かはぬ意にて、物妬（ものねたみ）するさまなり。

soba is the character 側. me is the word conjugated as me, mu, muru.  The word means to turn aside and not face directly at something, indicating a grudge.

まばゆき
玉　拾遺に「日の輝く時まばゆくて見がたきやうの意なるべきにや」といへるごとくにて、なべて人に目をそばめらるる、これまばゆきなり。

Tama no ogushi (1796): The Genchu shui says This perhaps should mean that it is like the difficulty of looking at the bright sun." This is correct; generally people averting their eyes is referred to as mabayuki.

あぢきなう
新　人の情を五味に譬（たと）へて、うまし、からし、にがしなどいふ中の、にがにがしきといはんがごときことを、味気（あぢき）なしといふなり。

Shinshaku (1758): People's feelings are often compared to the five senses, for instance, umashi, karashi, nigashi, etc. In this case it is like niganigashiki; something that has no taste.

訳　フアンバイナ　ムヤクナコトヂヤ　ラチモナイ

fuanbai na (不安倍な), muyaku na koto ja (無役なことじゃ)、rachi mo nai (埒もない)

雅集　やくにもたたず、せんのないといふ心なり。真字伊勢物語「味気無（アヂキナク）」。契沖云、せんかたなし。史記伍子胥伝、無益を「アヂキナシ」とよめり。宣長云、俗言にいらざること、むやくのことといへる意なり。

Gagen shuran (1849):  This means "useless" or "nothing can be done." In the Ise monogatari manabon the characters 味気無 are read as ajikinau. Keichū says that in the Shi ji, in the biography of Wu Xizu, 無益 is read as ajikinashi. Norinaga says that in the vernacular it means irazaru koto or mueki na koto.

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The Ise monogatari manabon is a version of the Ise monogatari written entirely in Chinese characters, perhaps in the Kamakura era (the cite here is in poem 90).  The practice of using Chinese works to gloss the Genji words is a curious one that dates back to the oldest commentaries; it survived into the 19th century for unclear reasons.  I believe this etymology for the word is completely wrong and that 味気 is ateji, but I'm not 100% certain.

はしたなき
拾　枕草子に「はしたなき物」といふ下の一つに、「人をよぶに我かとてさし出たる、まして物くるるをり」など書けり。これにて心得べし。竹取物語に「宮は立つもはした居るもはしたにてゐ給へり」といふに同じ云々

Genchu shui (1698): In the Makura no sōshi there is a section called "hashitanaki things." One of the items is "When someone else is called, and you appear thinking you're the one being called. It's even worse when they give you something." There are other items; this should be consulted. Also in the Taketori Monogatari it says "The prince was uneasy(hashita) standing or sitting." This is the same meaning.

余　俗にどちらつかずといふ意なり。又めったに、又ひよんな事などいふ意なり。

Genchu yoteki (1830): In the vernacular this means things like dochira tsukazu, or metta ni, or hiyonna.

訳　フツガフナ　ツキモナイ　思ヒガケナイ　ツキホガナイ　フサウオウナ　フツツカナ

futsugafu na (不都合な), tsuki mo nai, omohigakenai, tsukiho ga nai, fusauouna (不相応な), futsutsuka na (不束な).

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I believe Keichu is correct about hashita and hashitanaki meaning the same thing -- the nashi is a suffix (not 無い) that is in other words like いときなし.

御心ばへ 
釈　心延（こころばへ）の意にて、心のひき延（はへ）て出でるおもふきをいふ語なり。心のさしゆくを志（こころざし）といひ、心を馳（はせ）出でるを意（こころばせ）といふ、皆同じおもふきなり。

This word is 心延, so it is extending (延) your spirit (心). This is similar to kokorozashi, which is pointing (指し) your spirit (心), or kokorobase, which is running (馳せ) your spirit (心). 

訳　ココロムケ　オモヒナシ

kokoromuke (心向け)、omohinashi (思ひなし).